How does anorexia affect pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a time of immense physical and emotional change, and for those who have struggled with anorexia, it can bring unique challenges. Anorexia, which is characterized by restrictive eating and an intense fear of weight gain, can have significant effects on both the mother and the developing baby. If you’re pregnant or considering pregnancy while living with an eating disorder, it’s important to understand the potential risks—and the steps you can take to support your health and your baby’s health.

The Impact of Anorexia on Fertility

Before we even get to pregnancy, anorexia can affect your ability to conceive. Prolonged restriction of food can disrupt the menstrual cycle, sometimes leading to missed periods or even the absence of menstruation altogether (a condition called amenorrhea). This is because your body needs a certain amount of fat and nutrients to maintain regular ovulation, which is necessary for conception.

However, it’s important to note that while anorexia can make it harder to get pregnant, it doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t conceive. Some people with anorexia are able to become pregnant, but there may be added health risks to consider during pregnancy.

How Anorexia Affects the Mother’s Health During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, your body’s nutritional needs increase to support the growing baby. If you are not getting enough food or nutrients due to anorexia, it can affect your body in a number of ways:

  • Nutrient deficiencies: Pregnant women need higher levels of nutrients such as folic acid, iron, calcium, and protein. Anorexia can make it difficult to meet these needs, leading to deficiencies that may affect your energy, mood, and overall health.

  • Increased risk of miscarriage: Women with a history of anorexia may be at a higher risk for miscarriage, particularly in the first trimester, due to low body weight or malnutrition.

  • Weakened immune system: Anorexia can impair your immune system, making it harder for your body to fight off infections. During pregnancy, this can put both you and your baby at greater risk.

  • Complications in labor and delivery: Low body weight and poor nutrition can increase the likelihood of complications during labor, including premature birth or the need for a cesarean section.

How Anorexia Affects the Baby’s Health

A mother’s health during pregnancy is directly linked to the health of her baby, and anorexia can have significant effects on fetal development. Some potential risks to the baby include:

  • Low birth weight: Babies born to mothers with anorexia are more likely to have low birth weight, which can lead to difficulties in breathing, feeding, and regulating body temperature after birth.

  • Premature birth: Anorexia can increase the risk of premature delivery, which carries its own set of complications for the baby, such as developmental delays or respiratory problems.

  • Growth restrictions: Poor nutrition during pregnancy can restrict the baby’s growth in the womb, potentially leading to long-term health issues.

  • Developmental issues: Babies who do not receive enough nutrients during pregnancy may be at a higher risk for developmental delays or other health challenges later in life.

Emotional and Psychological Challenges

Pregnancy can trigger or exacerbate disordered eating behaviors in some people, particularly as the body begins to change and gain weight. For someone with anorexia, the natural weight gain of pregnancy can feel overwhelming and may cause feelings of anxiety, fear, or loss of control.

The emotional challenges of pregnancy may also increase the risk of relapse for those who have been in recovery from anorexia. It’s crucial to have a support system in place, including mental health professionals, to help navigate these feelings in a healthy way.

Seeking Support During Pregnancy

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant while struggling with anorexia, it’s essential to seek support from a healthcare team that understands the complexities of eating disorders and pregnancy. This may include:

  • A doctor or obstetrician who specializes in high-risk pregnancies

  • A dietitian with experience in eating disorders who can help you meet your nutritional needs

  • A therapist or counselor who can support your mental and emotional well-being

Working closely with your healthcare team can help ensure that both you and your baby are as healthy as possible throughout the pregnancy.

Finding Compassion for Yourself

Pregnancy is a time of immense change, and managing anorexia during this period can be challenging. But it’s also an opportunity to approach your health with compassion and care. Nourishing your body during pregnancy isn’t just about supporting the baby—it’s about caring for yourself, too.

If you’re struggling with anorexia during pregnancy, remember that you don’t have to go through it alone. There are resources, professionals, and support networks available to help you take the best possible care of yourself and your growing baby.

Recovery, or managing anorexia during pregnancy, is possible. Every step toward nourishing your body is a step toward a healthier, more balanced future for you and your child.

Embark on a transformative journey from Eating Disorder recovery to full recovery and holistic well-being. Our certified medical nutrition therapy dietitians provide compassionate care to guide you toward lasting healing and empower you to reclaim food and body trust and freedom,  embracing life with a renewed sense of wellness and vitality.